FINDING THE UNKNOWN GOD

20160504 FINDING THE UNKNOWN GOD

Readings at Mass

Liturgical Colour: White.

First reading

Acts 17:15,22-18:1 ©

Paul’s escort took him as far as Athens, and went back with instructions for Silas and Timothy to rejoin Paul as soon as they could.

  So Paul stood before the whole Council of the Areopagus and made this speech:

  ‘Men of Athens, I have seen for myself how extremely scrupulous you are in all religious matters, because I noticed, as I strolled round admiring your sacred monuments, that you had an altar inscribed: To An Unknown God. Well, the God whom I proclaim is in fact the one whom you already worship without knowing it.

  ‘Since the God who made the world and everything in it is himself Lord of heaven and earth, he does not make his home in shrines made by human hands. Nor is he dependent on anything that human hands can do for him, since he can never be in need of anything; on the contrary, it is he who gives everything – including life and breath – to everyone. From one single stock he not only created the whole human race so that they could occupy the entire earth, but he decreed how long each nation should flourish and what the boundaries of its territory should be. And he did this so that all nations might seek the deity and, by feeling their way towards him, succeed in finding him. Yet in fact he is not far from any of us, since it is in him that we live, and move, and exist, as indeed some of your own writers have said:

“We are all his children.”

‘Since we are the children of God, we have no excuse for thinking that the deity looks like anything in gold, silver or stone that has been carved and designed by a man.

  ‘God overlooked that sort of thing when men were ignorant, but now he is telling everyone everywhere that they must repent, because he has fixed a day when the whole world will be judged, and judged in righteousness, and he has appointed a man to be the judge. And God has publicly proved this by raising this man from the dead.’

  At this mention of rising from the dead, some of them burst out laughing; others said, ‘We would like to hear you talk about this again.’ After that Paul left them, but there were some who attached themselves to him and became believers, among them Dionysius the Areopagite and a woman called Damaris, and others besides.

  After this, Paul left Athens and went to Corinth.

Responsorial Psalm

Psalm 148:1-2,11-14 ©

Your glory fills all heaven and earth.

or

Alleluia!

Praise the Lord from the heavens,

  praise him in the heights.

Praise him, all his angels,

  praise him, all his host.

Your glory fills all heaven and earth.

or

Alleluia!

All earth’s kings and peoples,

  earth’s princes and rulers,

young men and maidens,

  old men together with children.

Your glory fills all heaven and earth.

or

Alleluia!

Let them praise the name of the Lord

  for he alone is exalted.

The splendour of his name

  reaches beyond heaven and earth.

Your glory fills all heaven and earth.

or

Alleluia!

He exalts the strength of his people.

  He is the praise of all his saints,

of the sons of Israel,

  of the people to whom he comes close.

Your glory fills all heaven and earth.

or

Alleluia!

Gospel Acclamation

Col3:1

Alleluia, alleluia!

Since you have been brought back to true life with Christ,

you must look for the things that are in heaven, where Christ is,

sitting at God’s right hand.

Alleluia!

Or

Jn14:16

Alleluia, alleluia!

I shall ask the Father,

and he will give you another Advocate

to be with you for ever.

Alleluia!

Gospel

John 16:12-15 ©

Jesus said:

‘I still have many things to say to you

but they would be too much for you now.

But when the Spirit of truth comes

he will lead you to the complete truth,

since he will not be speaking as from himself

but will say only what he has learnt;

and he will tell you of the things to come.

He will glorify me,

since all he tells you

will be taken from what is mine.

Everything the Father has is mine;

that is why I said:

All he tells you

will be taken from what is mine.’

FINDING THE UNKNOWN GOD

SCRIPTURE READINGS: [ ACTS 17:15, 22-18:1; JOHN 16:12-15   ]

Many people today are seeking the unknown God in their lives. Many are sincerely looking for God.  Somehow, they are not fulfilled even when they are doing well in their career and family life.  Something seems to be missing.  This was what St Paul observed at Athens.  He spoke to the whole Council of the Areopagus saying, “Men of Athens, I have seen for myself how extremely scrupulous you are in all religious matters, because I noticed, as I strolled round admiring your sacred monuments, that you had an altar inscribed: To An Unknown God.”

The question is where can we find the true and living God?  What does it mean to seek the living God in our lives?  It means to seek the fullness of truth, life and love.  Unless we know the Ultimate Reality in our lives, this life is meaningless.  Everything on this earth we know is transient.  It can be seen even as an illusion.  Only the Ultimate Reality could fill the hunger of man and quench his thirst. To seek false gods is to seek for the things that cannot last.  Hence, worshipping false gods would include the worship of money, pleasure, power and status.  Such worldly pursuit cannot bring real and lasting fulfillment.  The truth is that we are not merely sensual beings made of matter.  We have a soul that seeks for the transcendent things of heaven.

With courage, with or without the help of his brothers, in and out of season, St Paul testified to the living God.  He said to them, “Well, the God whom I proclaim is in fact the one whom you already worship without knowing it.”  In other words, God is already in the midst and in the lives of those who sincerely seek Him.  Those who seek the truth and experience a deep vacuum in their lives already know that they are seeking the Transcendent.  However, often they fail to recognize Him because of ignorance.  While man, through effort and reason, can come to know some truths about God as creator and maker of heaven and earth, we cannot know Him personally or His interior life unless He reveals Himself to us.

This explains why Christianity is considered a revealed religion.  It speaks of grace and faith, not effort and reason alone.  Without divine revelation, no one can claim to know God and His interior life, just as we cannot claim we know someone unless we have lived with him.  This is what the gospel tells us today as well.  It is the Spirit of truth whom the Father will send in the name of Jesus that can reveal to us the fullness of truth.

That is why we cannot blame those who do not know Him or find it difficult to accept our belief in Christ.  The truth is that our faith in Christ is not proven by reason or logic but in a personal relationship in faith and in revelation.  Thus the Athenians who did not have faith and reduced the question of God merely to an intellectual discourse were unconverted.  Indeed, they were skeptical.  They were not ready to believe.  Clearly reason alone cannot argue and convince one to faith.

How is the Church so certain that we know who the living God is?  It is because of the passion, death and resurrection of the Lord.  When Christ was on earth, He revealed to us the love of the Father and His mercy for us by His teaching, and most of all by His works of mercy, healings, exorcisms, and forgiving sinners, climaxing in His death on the cross.  If His death was the end of the drama, then we would not be able to say much more than that Jesus was a good man and a great teacher but perhaps misguided into thinking that He was God or a messiah.   But because of the fact that God raised Him from the dead, Jesus was vindicated to be the One, as St Paul says, “to be the judge. And God has publicly proved this by raising this man from the dead.”

So only through God’s revelation, can we arrive at this conclusion that Jesus is the Son of the Living God!  And through Him, we come to know the Father.  Indeed with the revelation of Jesus as the Son of God, we also come to know that the Living God is a Trinitarian God, for Jesus also revealed to us that He will ask the Father to send us the Holy Spirit.  As Jesus says in the gospel, “He will glorify me, since all he tells you will be taken from what is mine. Everything the Father has is mine; that is why I said:  All he tells you will be taken from what is mine.”

Hence, we believe Christ is the fullness of truth.  As Dei Verbum tells us,  “Jesus perfected revelation by fulfilling it through his whole work of making Himself present and manifesting Himself: through His words and deeds, His signs and wonders, but especially through His death and glorious resurrection from the dead and final sending of the Spirit of truth. Moreover He confirmed with divine testimony what revelation proclaimed, that God is with us to free us from the darkness of sin and death, and to raise us up to life eternal. The Christian dispensation, therefore, as the new and definitive covenant, will never pass away and we now await no further new public revelation before the glorious manifestation of our Lord Jesus Christ.”  (see 1 Tim. 6:14 and Tit. 2:13). 

This does not mean that other religions are false.  To make such a judgment would be going too far.  Rather, as the Constitution of the Church tells us, “Those also can attain to salvation who through no fault of their own do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, yet sincerely seek God and moved by grace strive by their deeds to do His will as it is known to them through the dictates of conscience. Nor does Divine Providence deny the helps necessary for salvation to those who, without blame on their part, have not yet arrived at an explicit knowledge of God and with His grace strive to live a good life. Whatever good or truth is found amongst them is looked upon by the Church as a preparation for the Gospel.  (LG 16)  And in the Constitution of the Church in the Modern world, the Church also says, “All this holds true not only for Christians, but for all men of good will in whose hearts grace works in an unseen way. For, since Christ died for all men, and since the ultimate vocation of man is in fact one, and divine, we ought to believe that the Holy Spirit in a manner known only to God offers to every man the possibility of being associated with this paschal mystery.”  (GS 22)

In other words, to the extent they know God; to that extent they have the truth.  There are different degrees of truth.  Truth is never arrived all at once.  Truth is always unfolding itself to us in different ways.  This is what Jesus meant in today’s gospel.  Even His disciples could not understand Him when He spoke to them about His imminent death and resurrection.  He told the disciples, “I still have many things to say to you but they would be too much for you now.”  Indeed, you cannot teach those who cannot receive or appreciate what you are teaching.  You cannot explain profound and difficult things to a little child.  So not only is revelation ongoing but the receptivity is also dependent on the listeners.  This is true even for us who are Catholics.  To claim that Jesus is the fullness of truth does not mean to say that that we have understood everything.

Revelation, although completed in Christ Jesus since He is the fullness of revelation, must and continue to grow in terms of our understanding.  Once again, the Constitution on Divine Revelation has this to say to us, “This tradition which comes from the Apostles develop in the Church with the help of the Holy Spirit. For there is a growth in the understanding of the realities and the words which have been handed down. This happens through the contemplation and study made by believers, who treasure these things in their hearts (see Luke, 2:19, 51) through a penetrating understanding of the spiritual realities which they experience, and through the preaching of those who have received through Episcopal succession the sure gift of truth. For as the centuries succeed one another, the Church constantly moves forward toward the fullness of divine truth until the words of God reach their complete fulfillment in her.”  (DV 8)

For this reason, we need the Holy Spirit who is the Spirit of Truth to guide us into the plenitude of truth.  Understanding the Word of God is more than just understanding the text, it is to know Jesus.  Jesus is the Living Word of God, and therefore the Holy Bible which is the inspired Word of God remains a means by which we come to understand the person of Jesus which is much more than the Word of God could contain, as St John said, “But there are also many other things which Jesus did; were every one of them to be written, I suppose that the world itself could not contain the books that would be written.”

Only the Holy Spirit who is the Spirit of the Father and that of Jesus can reveal to us who Jesus really is.  Our understanding of Jesus depends on how much we understand Jesus and know Him.  The task of the Holy Spirit is to help us to recognize Jesus.  For this reason, when we read the scriptures, we cannot read it like a textbook or an ordinary book but we must read it with faith and love.  Most of all, we must ask for the help of the Holy Spirit since He is the One who leads us to the truth and to Jesus.   However, the Holy Spirit is also given to the Church to preserve the deposit of faith. Only because of the Holy Spirit’s enduring presence in the Church, could the magisterium teach without error the truths as revealed to us.

Written by The Most Rev William Goh Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore © All Rights Reserved

FIDELITY TO THE GOSPEL NECESSITATES THAT WE BE FAITHFUL TO THE APOSTOLIC TRADITION

20160503 FIDELITY TO THE GOSPEL NECESSITATES THAT WE BE FAITHFUL TO THE APOSTOLIC TRADITION

Readings at Mass

Liturgical Colour: Red.

First reading

1 Corinthians 15:1-8 ©

Brothers, I want to remind you of the gospel I preached to you, the gospel that you received and in which you are firmly established; because the gospel will save you only if you keep believing exactly what I preached to you – believing anything else will not lead to anything.

  Well then, in the first place, I taught you what I had been taught myself, namely that Christ died for our sins, in accordance with the scriptures; that he was buried; and that he was raised to life on the third day, in accordance with the scriptures; that he appeared first to Cephas and secondly to the Twelve. Next he appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers at the same time, most of whom are still alive, though some have died; then he appeared to James, and then to all the apostles; and last of all he appeared to me too; it was as though I was born when no one expected it.

Responsorial Psalm

Psalm 18:2-5 ©

Their word goes forth through all the earth.

or

Alleluia!

The heavens proclaim the glory of God,

  and the firmament shows forth the work of his hands.

Day unto day takes up the story

  and night unto night makes known the message.

Their word goes forth through all the earth.

or

Alleluia!

No speech, no word, no voice is heard

  yet their span extends through all the earth,

  their words to the utmost bounds of the world.

Their word goes forth through all the earth.

or

Alleluia!

Gospel Acclamation

Jn14:6,9

Alleluia, alleluia!

I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life, says the Lord.

Philip, to have seen me is to have seen the Father.

Alleluia!

Gospel

John 14:6-14 ©

Jesus said to Thomas:

‘I am the Way, the Truth and the Life.

No one can come to the Father except through me.

If you know me, you know my Father too.

From this moment you know him and have seen him.’

Philip said, ‘Lord, let us see the Father and then we shall be satisfied.’

  ‘Have I been with you all this time, Philip,’ said Jesus to him ‘and you still do not know me?

‘To have seen me is to have seen the Father,

so how can you say, “Let us see the Father”?

Do you not believe

that I am in the Father and the Father is in me?

The words I say to you I do not speak as from myself:

it is the Father, living in me, who is doing this work.

You must believe me when I say

that I am in the Father and the Father is in me;

believe it on the evidence of this work, if for no other reason.

I tell you most solemnly,

whoever believes in me

will perform the same works as I do myself,

he will perform even greater works,

because I am going to the Father.

Whatever you ask for in my name I will do,

so that the Father may be glorified in the Son.

If you ask for anything in my name,

I will do it.’

FIDELITY TO THE GOSPEL NECESSITATES THAT WE BE FAITHFUL TO THE APOSTOLIC TRADITION

SCRIPTURE READINGS: [ 1 COR 15:1-8; JN 14: 6-14   ]

Today the Church celebrates the feast of Saints Philip and James.   Not much is known about them. Still, from the scanty texts of scriptures, much can be derived from them. In today’s gospel, St Philip was the one who asked Jesus the ultimate question, namely, the source of origin of all life and love and our existence.  He said to Jesus, “Lord, let us see the Father and then we shall be satisfied.”  Indeed, to know the Father is the quest of every person.  Without knowing our origin and destiny, our hopes are mere human aspirations, and we can only say, “Let us eat and drink for tomorrow we die.”  (1 Cor 15:32)  How pitiful, as St Paul remarked (cf 1Cor15:19).

For this purpose, our Lord has come into the world.  His mission is to show us the Face of His Heavenly Father.  As we know, the Father is pure Spirit and He has no face to show to us.  How can we then behold His countenance if not through Jesus, the incarnated Son of God?  As Jesus told Philip: “To have seen me is to have seen the Father …The words I say to you I do not speak as from myself: it is the Father, living in me, who is doing this work.”  In these words, we see that Jesus’ one desire is to lead us, not so much to Himself per se, but to His Father.  This explains why earlier on, He told St Thomas, “I am the Way, the truth and the Life. No one can come to the Father except through me.  If you know me, you know my Father too.”  To see Jesus is to see the Father.

Why is Jesus the Way, the Truth and the Life to the Father?  This is because He shares the Father’s glory.  In the priestly prayer, He affirmed His true identity when He prayed, “Father, glorify me in your own presence with the glory that I had in your presence before the world existed.” (Jn 17:5)   And further on, He said, “I have made your name known to those whom you gave me from the world.  They were yours and you gave them to me.”  (Jn 17:6)  So Jesus can reveal the Father’s love to us simply because He has always been One with the Father and He is identified with the Father in every way.

This claim of Jesus’ divine identity with the Father is established in the resurrection.  That is why we cannot limit faith in the resurrection of Jesus to simply proof that Jesus is still alive, or that because He lives, we can hope in our own resurrection.  We have to go beyond, and draw out the full implications of His resurrection in light of what it means for us, for Jesus Himself and His relationship with His Father.  The scriptures proclaim Jesus’ resurrection by speaking about the Father raising Jesus from the dead in the power of the Holy Spirit, rather than about Jesus rising from the dead. This is to illustrate the point that the Father, by raising Jesus from the dead, is actually endorsing the truth of all that Jesus taught and did when He was on earth.  The resurrection can thus be considered as the Father’s declaration of the authenticity of Jesus’ claim that He is one with Him.  So the resurrection confirms what Jesus said in the gospel, “You must believe me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in me; believe it on the evidence of this work, if for no other reason.”

Hence, St Augustine remarked that it is nothing great for Christians to believe that Jesus died.  Even the pagans and the unbelievers believe that Jesus died.  But what makes us truly Christian is that we believe that this criminal, Jesus of Nazareth, has been raised by the Father and that He is alive in our midst here and now.  By His resurrection, Jesus regained the glory that was always His, the glory that He freely stripped Himself of when He emptied Himself to become a man, a slave even unto death.  (Cf Phil 2:6-8)  He is truly therefore the Son of God, the Second Person of the Trinity.   Yes, the Father has “highly exalted him and gave him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bend, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.”  (Phil 2:9-11)

So, if we have any doubts about Jesus’ assertion that He is “the Way, the Truth and Life” and that no one can come to the Father except through Him alone, then looking at the life, passion, death and resurrection of Jesus, we can no longer doubt that He is our Lord and Saviour.  This is the kergyma which St Paul in the second reading was insisting about: “…that Christ died for our sins, in accordance with the scriptures; that he was buried; and that he was raised to life on the third day, in accordance with the scriptures; that he appeared first to Cephas and secondly to the Twelve. Next he appeared to more than five thousand of the brothers at the same time, most of whom are still alive, though some have died; then he appeared to James, and then to all the apostles; and last of all he appeared to me too; it was as though I was born when no one expected it.”

It is necessary therefore, that we hold to this gospel and only this gospel, which is central to our faith.  As St Paul reminds us.  “…the gospel will save you only if you keep believing exactly what I preached to you – believing anything else will not lead to anything.”  This is a timely reminder, especially for those of us who have difficulty believing the objectivity of Jesus’ resurrection. Indeed, some Christians, under the bent of empirical sciences, have reduced the truth of the resurrection to that of a myth; believing that the resurrection is nothing more than that His cause lives on in us who believe in His message of love.  This is not wrong, but it would be reductionism.  If His cause lives on in us, it is because He is raised and lives in us in the Holy Spirit.  Otherwise only His cause or philosophy lives in us, just as great men leave behind their legacy when they die.

Hence it is not only His cause that continues in our lives, but as Jesus assures us, “I tell you most solemnly, whoever believes in me will perform the same works as I do myself, he will perform even greater works, because I am going to the Father.”  The corollary to believing that Jesus is from the Father is the works He did.  We know that Jesus lives because in and through Him, we can do what He did and even more!  Isn’t this another way of saying that His name is above every name?  This is accentuated when Jesus urged us to trust in Him.  He said, “Whatever you ask for in my name I will do, so that the Father may be glorified in the Son.  If you ask for anything in my name, I will do it.”

But why is it so necessary that Jesus reveals the Father to us?  It is so that we can be in communion with Him and experience His love and mercy!  The priestly prayer of Jesus ended with these words, “Righteous Father, the world does not know you, but I know you; and these know that you have sent me.  I made your name known to them, and I will make it known, so that the love with which you have loved me may be in them, and I in them.”  (Jn 17:25)

By implication, we who want to be sure of our Faith must also return to the Apostolic testimony which is passed on to us through the Tradition of the Church as it was in the case of St Paul and now preserved by the chosen successors of the Apostles in our bishops.  So being in communion with the Church is the way in which we remain faithful to the teaching of Christ and the foundation of our faith.  Through our communion with His Church, we remain faithful to Christ and one with the Father.

As the living witnesses of Christ, it is incumbent on us to be the messengers of the Gospel to all of humanity.  Like the whole of creation, we, too, must ensure that the Gospel be spread to all the earth.

How can this be done?  What must we do in order that the Gospel is proclaimed to everyone?  We must proclaim that Jesus’ death shows us His Father’s love and that His resurrection establishes Him as Lord and Saviour.  That this claim is true is verified by Christ’s working through His Spirit, the miracles we work, ordinary or extraordinary, by appealing in faith to Jesus’ name in fervent and expectant prayer.  And finally, we become real witnesses of Christ not simply by preaching and working miracles but, most of all, by living a resurrected life of charity, forgiveness and communion.  Yes, we live a transcendent life with our eyes fixed on heaven, even though our feet are firmly on the ground, carrying the cross of purification and self-emptying love in humble service.

Written by The Most Rev William Goh Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore © All Rights Reserved