20190618
THEOLOGY
OF GIVING
18 JUNE, 2019,
Tuesday, 11th Week, Ordinary Time
First Reading 2 Cor
8:1-9
1 We want you to know, brethren, about the grace of God which has
been shown in the churches of Macedonia, 2 for in a severe
test of affliction, their abundance of joy and their extreme poverty have
overflowed in a wealth of liberality on their part. 3 For
they gave according to their means, as I can testify, and beyond their means,
of their own free will, 4 begging us
earnestly for the favor of taking part in the relief of the saints— 5 and
this, not as we expected, but first they gave themselves to the Lord and to us
by the will of God. 6 Accordingly we
have urged Titus that as he had already made a beginning, he should also
complete among you this gracious work. 7 Now as you excel
in everything—in faith, in utterance, in knowledge, in all earnestness, and in
your love for us—see that you excel in this gracious work also.
8 I say this not as a command,
but to prove by the earnestness of others that your love also is genuine. 9 For
you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, so that
by his poverty you might become rich.
Psalms 146:2,
5-9
2 I will praise the Lord as long as I live;
I
will sing praises to my God while I have being.
5 Happy is he whose help is the God of Jacob,
whose
hope is in the Lord his God,
6 who made heaven and earth,
the
sea, and all that is in them;
who
keeps faith for ever;
7 who executes justice for the oppressed;
who
gives food to the hungry.
The Lord sets the prisoners free;
8 the Lord opens the eyes of the blind.
The Lord lifts up those who are bowed down;
the Lord loves the righteous.
9 The Lord watches over the sojourners,
he
upholds the widow and the fatherless;
but
the way of the wicked he brings to ruin.
Gospel Mt 5:43-48
43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You
shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ 44 But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray
for those who persecute you, 45 so that
you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven; for he makes his sun rise on
the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust. 46 For if you love those who love you, what
reward have you? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? 47 And if you salute only your brethren, what
more are you doing than others? Do not even the Gentiles do the same? 48 You, therefore, must be perfect, as your
heavenly Father is perfect.
THEOLOGY OF
GIVING
SCRIPTURE READINGS: [2 Cor 8:1-9; Ps 146:2, 5-9; Mt 5:43-48 ]
“You must therefore be
perfect just as your heavenly Father is perfect.” Obviously, no one can be perfect
except God alone. When the rich man asked Jesus, “Good Teacher, what must I do
to inherit eternal life?” Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No
one is good but God alone.” (Mk 10:17f) Obviously, the perfection
that Jesus is asking of us is not moral perfection but of giving. We are
all imperfect, weak and prone to fall into temptations and sins. But even if we
are not always virtuous, at least we can grow in perfection in giving.
The most basic form of
giving is loving those who love us. It is not so difficult to love those who
love us. This is what the Lord said, “if you love those who love you,
what right have you to claim any credit? Even the tax collectors do as
much, do they not? And if you save your greetings for your brothers, are
you doing anything exceptional? Even the pagans do as much, do they
not?” Loving those who love us is another form of loving ourselves
because we receive love in return. It is not yet pure love that can be
considered agape. It is eros, or at best platonic love. This love
is normally given naturally to our loved ones, our friends and our
collaborators.
The second form of
giving is to give those who are somehow related to us, even at a distance,
without personal knowledge. This was the case of the Christians at
Macedonia. When they heard that the Church in Jerusalem was in financial
straits and needed help, even though they themselves were going through
difficult times, they were ever ready to offer whatever assistance they
could. This was the same reason why Paul appealed to the Church at
Corinth to do their part in alleviating the difficulties the Church in
Jerusalem was going through. “Because of this, we have asked Titus, since
he has already made a beginning, to bring this work of mercy to the same point
of success among you.”
The third level of
giving is to total strangers with whom we have no relations at all. This giving is altruistic as there is
nothing to gain from it. Such giving has no thought even of being
acknowledged. It is given purely for humanitarian reasons, out of
compassion and charity. This is particularly true for those who give to
the poor and those who make appeal for help regardless of race, language or
religion. Of course, for Christians, such giving is motivated by the
love of God more than just merely humanitarian reasons.
However, the most
difficult form of giving is forgiving. Giving to the poor and helping those in
need is not as difficult as forgiving those who have hurt us, betrayed us,
destroyed our reputation and caused injury to our name and that of our loved
ones. This is the highest form of giving. This is what the
Lord teaches us in the gospel. “Jesus said to his disciples: ‘You
have learnt how it was said: You must love your neighbour and hate your enemy.
But I say to you: love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you; in
this way, you will be sons of your Father in heaven.”
This utter giving is
seen in the person of Jesus. He not only gave Himself by assuming our humanity,
emptying Himself of His divinity to reach out to us, being one of us and one
with us. He took our human frailties and infirmities so that He could
identify with us in our sufferings, temptations, struggles and
pains. As a compassionate High Priest, sharing in our sorrows, He
could empathize with us and become for us the throne of grace. Having
Himself been betrayed, wrongly accused, tortured and shamefully put to death on
the cross for us, He led the way by forgiving His enemies even when He was
hanging on the cross.
What, then, is the basis
of giving? How can we give ourselves in such a manner? The theological basis
for giving is from the nature of God Himself. God is identical with love since the
nature of God is love. “God is love, and those who abide in love abide in
God, and God abides in them.” Indeed, it is God’s desire that every man
attains his highest good, finds fulfilment, happiness and completeness of life.
God created man to share in His goodness and life. This explains why the
Lord said, if we love and give to all regardless of who they are, good or evil
we “will be sons of your Father in heaven, for he causes his sun to rise on bad
men as well as good, and his rain to fall on honest and dishonest men alike.”
This is what the psalmist also declares, “He is happy who is helped by
Jacob’s God, whose hope is in the Lord his God, who alone made heaven and
earth, the seas and all they contain. It is he who keeps faith for ever,
who is just to those who are oppressed. It is he who gives bread to the hungry,
the Lord, who sets prisoners free. It is the Lord who gives sight to the
blind, who raises up those who are bowed down, the Lord, who protects the
stranger and upholds the widow and orphan.”
God gives equal
opportunities to all men and women alike the possibility of finding fulfilment
and happiness.
We are all given sufficient grace to find salvation. “I truly understand
that God shows no partiality, but in every nation anyone who fears him and
does what is right is acceptable to him” (Acts 10:34) Later on at the Council of
Jerusalem, he repeated this truth when He said, “God made a choice among you, I
should be the one through whom the Gentiles would hear the message of the good
news and become believers. And God, who knows the human heart, testified
to them by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as he did to us; and in
cleansing their hearts by faith he has made no distinction between them and
us.” (Acts 15:7-9)
Secondly, God gives
everything to us in Jesus. St Paul wrote, “What then are we to say about these
things? If God is for us, who is against us? He who did not withhold his
own Son, but gave him up for all of us, will he not with him also give us
everything else? Who will bring any charge against God’s elect? It
is God who justifies. Who is to condemn? It is Christ Jesus, who died,
yes, who was raised, who is at the right hand of God, who indeed intercedes for
us.” (Rom 8:31-34)
Hence, it is not enough to say that the essence of God is
love. God is love in action. He is love concretized
in history. So St Paul is not simply speaking about the philosophical
nature of God’s love but the truth of God’s love as experienced in Jesus
historically. Hence, he said, “God’s love was revealed among us in this
way: God sent his only Son into the world so that we might live through him. In
this is love, not that we loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be
the atoning sacrifice for our sins.” (1 Jn 4:9f) So the basis of giving
is that God who is love gives us Himself in Jesus; and in turn Jesus who loves
His Father gives Himself completely to us. “I do as the Father has commanded
me, so that the world may know that I love the Father.” (Jn 14:31)
Thirdly, we are called
to love because He first loved us and blessed us. St Paul sought to strike their heart when
he said, “You always have the most of everything – of faith, of eloquence,
of understanding, of keenness for any cause, and the biggest share of our
affection – so we expect you to put the most into this work of mercy
too.” Indeed, how can we be so ungrateful to God when He has blessed us
with so many gifts in life? Like the Corinthians, we too have been blessed
with good health, resources, opportunities, wealth and position. We
should be using what we have not just for ourselves but for the good of others
and be a blessing to others. The failure to love others and be generous
means that we have taken the love of God and His blessings for granted. We
lack graciousness because we think we have earned them by our own merits.
We are not grateful to God or to anyone for what we are today and what we
have. This is what Paul meant when he said to the Corinthians, “It is not
an order that I am giving you; I am just testing the genuineness of your love
against the keenness of others.” How much we love others in return will
demonstrate how grateful we are to God for His unconditional love for us.
The Christians at
Macedonia taught us that true generosity flows from gratitude. We read how Paul commended them on
their generosity “how, throughout great trials by suffering, their constant
cheerfulness and their intense poverty have overflowed in a wealth of
generosity. I can swear that they gave not only as much as they could afford,”
What generosity and sincerity on the part of the Macedonians! In spite of
their own trials and poverty, they were cheerful and generous in sharing
whatever they had. What is even more inspiring is that “far more, and
quite spontaneously, begging and begging us for the favour of sharing in this
service to the saints and, what was quite unexpected, they offered their own
selves first to God and, under God, to us.”
Finally, we must not
think that giving makes us poorer.
Rather, we are enriched by our poverty as we enrich others. When we
enrich others, we receive a different form of riches that money cannot buy,
namely the joy of love and giving and true freedom. St Paul wrote,
“Remember how generous the Lord Jesus was: he was rich, but he became poor for
your sake, to make you rich out of his poverty.” Jesus who became poor so
that we might be rich in Him actually inspires us all to give as much as He
did. He shows us the true meaning of living a life of freedom in
love. So to be able to love in this manner, we must turn to the Lord to
inspire us to love. This was how the Macedonians loved so generously in
their poverty. No one is too poor to give or to love. This is
possible, provided we are also like them who “offered their own selves first to
God and, under God, to us.” When we give ourselves to God like the widow
who gave her mite to God, He will look after us and bless us even more to bless
others.
Written
by The Most Rev William Goh, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore © All
Rights Reserved
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