20160209 CELEBRATING OUR TRADITIONS
Readings at Mass
Liturgical
Colour: Green.
First reading
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1 Kings
8:22-23,27-30 ©
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In the presence of
the whole assembly of Israel, Solomon stood before the altar of the Lord and,
stretching out his hands towards heaven, said, ‘O Lord, God of Israel, not in
heaven above nor on earth beneath is there such a God as you, true to your covenant
and your kindness towards your servants when they walk wholeheartedly in your
way. Yet will God really live with men on the earth? Why, the heavens and their
own heavens cannot contain you. How much less this house that I have built!
Listen to the prayer and entreaty of your servant, O Lord my God; listen to the
cry and to the prayer your servant makes to you today. Day and night let your
eyes watch over this house, over this place of which you have said, “My name
shall be there.” Listen to the prayer that your servant will offer in this
place.
‘Hear the
entreaty of your servant and of Israel your people as they pray in this place.
From heaven where your dwelling is, hear; and, as you hear, forgive.’
Psalm
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Psalm
83:3-5,10-11 ©
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How lovely is your
dwelling-place, Lord, God of hosts.
My soul is longing
and yearning,
is
yearning for the courts of the Lord.
My heart and my soul
ring out their joy
to God,
the living God.
How lovely is your
dwelling-place, Lord, God of hosts.
The sparrow herself
finds a home
and the
swallow a nest for her brood;
she lays her young by
your altars,
Lord of
hosts, my king and my God.
How lovely is your
dwelling-place, Lord, God of hosts.
They are happy, who
dwell in your house,
for ever
singing your praise.
Turn your eyes, O
God, our shield,
look on
the face of your anointed.
How lovely is your
dwelling-place, Lord, God of hosts.
One day within your
courts
is better
than a thousand elsewhere.
The threshold of the
house of God
I prefer
to the dwellings of the wicked.
How lovely is your
dwelling-place, Lord, God of hosts.
Gospel
Acclamation
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Ps118:24
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Alleluia, alleluia!
Train me, Lord, to
observe your law,
to keep it with my
heart.
Alleluia!
Or
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Ps118:36,29
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Alleluia, alleluia!
Bend my heart to your
will, O Lord,
and teach me your
law.
Alleluia!
Gospel
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Mark 7:1-13 ©
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The Pharisees and
some of the scribes who had come from Jerusalem gathered round Jesus, and they
noticed that some of his disciples were eating with unclean hands, that is,
without washing them. For the Pharisees, and the Jews in general, follow the
tradition of the elders and never eat without washing their arms as far as the
elbow; and on returning from the market place they never eat without first
sprinkling themselves. There are also many other observances which have been
handed down to them concerning the washing of cups and pots and bronze dishes.
So these Pharisees and scribes asked him, ‘Why do your disciples not respect
the tradition of the elders but eat their food with unclean hands?’ He
answered, ‘It was of you hypocrites that Isaiah so rightly prophesied in this
passage of scripture:
This people honours
me only with lip-service,
while their hearts
are far from me.
The worship they
offer me is worthless,
the doctrines they
teach are only human regulations.
You
put aside the commandment of God to cling to human traditions.’ And he said to
them, ‘How ingeniously you get round the commandment of God in order to preserve
your own tradition! For Moses said: Do your duty to your father and your
mother, and, Anyone who curses father or mother must be put to death. But you
say, “If a man says to his father or mother: Anything I have that I might have
used to help you is Corban (that is, dedicated to God), then he is forbidden
from that moment to do anything for his father or mother.” In this way you make
God’s word null and void for the sake of your tradition which you have handed
down. And you do many other things like this.’
CELEBRATING
OUR TRADITIONS
SCRIPTURE
READINGS: 1Kgs 8:22-23.
27-30; Ps 83:3-5, 10-11; Mk 7:1-13
“You
put aside the commandments of God to cling to human traditions.” This
text of the bible has often been taken out of context to condemn all human
traditions. Quite often, this verse is used to attack the Ecclesiastical
laws of the Catholic Church, such as liturgical laws and practices; and
Catholic traditions such as the use of sacramentals, e.g. holy water, statues,
oil. We have been told that these are man-made and therefore not
binding. By so doing, we have grossly misunderstood Jesus; that He is
against traditions, particularly human traditions. This would not
be true because Jesus Himself being a Jew would, in order to live, have
accepted the customs and traditions of His days. Otherwise, He would have
lacked an identity, a culture and values. If one is a Jew, then we
presume He would have imbibed the Jewish culture and all their traditions, whether
it is eating, drinking, rituals, customs, etc. Even St Paul wrote to the
Christians, “So then, brothers and sisters, stand firm and hold fast to the
traditions that you were taught by us, either by word of mouth or by our
letter.” (2 Th 2:15)
Consequently,
we cannot deny the importance of human traditions. No society or community can exist
without traditions. We are all determined by the traditions that we have
inherited. Traditions are the means by which we pour out our values into
the world. So every community would have developed certain values to
guide themselves so that there will be harmony and order. So long
as there are human beings coming together, there will be a set of customs and
rules. So no one is exempted from traditions. For those celebrating
Lunar New Year, this festival is celebrated with many customs and such customs
vary with the different ethnic communities. This is true of all religions, including
Christianity. We have Catholic traditions but so too, the mainstream
churches have their own traditions, be it Orthodox, Anglicans or
Methodists. As time develops, even the newfound evangelical churches will
eventually develop their own traditions, practices and customs. So let us
not be too naive to think that only Catholics are required to observe
traditions. Even the other Christians are required to observe their
traditions; otherwise they could not be considered a member of that community.
Traditions
are also evolving.
Traditions are dynamic in nature. We cannot freeze traditions; otherwise
we will be living in the past. Tradition means to transmit, to pass on, but by
so doing, there is a need to adapt to the current culture and needs. This
also accounts for the recent change by the Holy Father to permit any member of
the faithful to have their feet washed during the Mass of the Last
Supper. In the past, it was confined to the priests, but it is now
extended to all and one day perhaps, to non-Catholics even. It all
depends how we want to interpret the symbol and enlarge its meaning. So
traditions can change and must change with the time to bring about the meaning
that we seek to convey. Thus, let us not be too upset at the changes, especially
if the changes are meant to bring the full reality of the gospel to the people.
Traditions
are dynamic, unlike written traditions craft on paper. This is where the danger
lies. Because unwritten traditions are changing with the times as
traditions are concerned with living realities, there is always a possibility
of injecting false or bad traditions over a period of time. Not all
traditions and customs are necessarily good for the people. Some are
corrupted, distorted and tainted over time and need to be purified. Some of our
Chinese traditions are purely materialistic and self-centered. So when
Christians take over these traditions e.g. the giving of oranges, we give them
a different meaning, namely, the spiritual blessings of the gospel. It is
for this reason, traditions need to be purified and always need another
authority to check whether such traditions are good and positive.
This
is where the written traditions of the past can help. Most religions have their
inspired sacred texts. For us Christians, we have the bible which we
believe is inspired by the Holy Spirit with God as the divine author working
with the human authors. Yet, let us not forget also that the written
tradition of the Church, the Bible, was once an oral tradition. It took
the Church more than a hundred years to gather the texts together; and another
300 years to agree which text is inspired and only in 1500 AD that the Council
of Trent solemnly defined the Books of scriptures. So whilst the bible
now guides the Church in her assessment of oral traditions and practices, it
was the Church, the community, that authenticates which were the books that
considered to be inspired by the Holy Spirit, leaving out those that are
dubious but have some values which we call the apocrypha.
Within
the context of human customs and traditions, we need to situate divine and
religious laws. The
commandments of God, as Jesus mentioned, are not totally unrelated to human
customs. Some of us would want to believe that the Decalogue and the
Mosaic Laws found in Deuteronomy and Leviticus are given directly by God. This
would be too simplistic a view, as if God directly communicated the laws to
Moses through verbal dictation. More likely, Moses, who was at the
Mountain for forty days and nights in prayer, would have reflected on how to
govern the motley crowd of former slaves. Through his own knowledge of
the laws of neighhouring countries and that of the Egyptian Laws and inspired
by God, he would have formulated the laws according to the customs of that time.
This is not to say that he was not inspired. Certainly, he was guided by
the Lord, but God would have inspired according to the limited knowledge and
understanding of his time. In other words, all the Mosaic Laws,
whilst certainly inspired by God, were also taken whenever possible from the
existing laws of that time. Moses did not write the laws from a “tabula
rasa”. This is the implication of the words of King Solomon when he
exclaimed, “Yet will God really live with men on the earth? Why, the heavens
and their own heavens cannot contain you.” God will use ordinary things
of creation to show us His love and His presence.
The
point in case is the washing, when what was a hygienic tradition becomes an
expression of interior cleanliness before God. “For the Pharisees, and the Jews in
general, follow the tradition of the elders and never eat without washing their
arms as far as the elbow; and on returning from the market place they never eat
without first sprinkling themselves. There are also many other
observances which have been handed down to them concerning the washing of cups
and pots and bronze dishes.” So it was a good symbol to remind them to be
spiritually clean before God at all times. So, too, for all other
religious customs, symbols and practices as well. The date of Christmas
was originally a pagan festival worshipping the Sun God. The Christians
transformed that celebration into the birth of Christ, the light of the
World. Circumcision was for hygienic reason as well for the Israelites
who lived in the desert and contending with the scarcity of water. But
they too gave it a special significance of being inducted as a member of the
people of God.
Thus,
the point of contention is not whether they are divine or human laws but
whether the traditions truly mediate the presence and the love of God. Jesus was attacking the Jews for
trying to use the laws in such a way that go against the spirit of the law as
in the case of the Corban law. The irony of the situation is that they
were not observing the laws in spirit! They were trying to find ways to
get around the laws! It was not because the laws were bad but they made
them bad by twisting the intention of the laws. He said, “You put aside
the commandments of God to cling to human traditions. How ingeniously you get
round the commandment of God in order to preserve your own tradition! In
this way you make God’s word null and void for the sake of your tradition which
you have handed down. And you do many other things like this.”
As such the Church is always reviewing her traditions, removing
some excesses e.g. the monetary dimension attached to indulgences. At the
same time, she is inventing new ones but the task of the Church is to safeguard
the purity of the faith, and she is always watchful of new traditions which
originate from the People of God.
So
what is at stake is that we need to keep the traditions alive by going back to
the true spirit of the traditions, be they human or religious, oral or written
traditions. It is not
what we do that matters, but rather, the values and meanings that we want to
convey or reinforce for the good of the individual and society. Blindly
following traditions, even if they are good and helpful, will not be of use to
us as well. Soon, we begin the season of Lent and many Catholics and
Christians will observe the traditions of the Lenten season e.g. fasting,
abstinence, praying the Stations of the Cross, etc but too many just observe
them externally, forgetting the spirit of what they do. So too during the
Chinese New Year festival, many of us follow the traditions without knowing the
meaning. This explains why, when the traditions prove meaningless, they
are eventually given up and cease to be practiced.
In the
first reading, we have the completion of the Temple of Jerusalem. The
Temple is indeed a useful place not just for worship but for the community to
gather together so that we can support each other in prayer. It is
also important for the community to gather together to share their faith stories
and to journey together in life. So the Temple or the Church is
only meant to be a place that is tangible so that we can feel the presence of
God in our midst not just in the Church itself but mostly, in His presence
among the members of the community. God is dwelling not just in the
Temple of the Church but He is most present in us and in the people of God.
Of
course, the Church remains a very important place to experience His Sacred
Presence. As
Church, we need a structure to worship together. This is where the
liturgy of the Church is required so that there will be unity and
order. But again, let us remember that the liturgy is always a work
in the making. Liturgical laws are not crafted in stones. Whilst we
want order and unity in worship, we must not be rubricists and fall into
legalism. But it would not be right for anyone, especially the priest, to
take the liturgy, which is the property of the People of God, into his own
hands and do what he wants with it without the Church’s approval.
We cannot unilaterally at will change the liturgy according to our personal
preferences, whims and fancies. We will only create confusion and
disunity. It is not helping people to pray together but only make them
feel uneasy at worship. So let us be respectful of traditions and use
them well for the purpose of living out the Spirit of the gospel.
Written
by The Most Rev William Goh Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore © All Rights Reserved
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